OECD AI and finance
Jul 30, 2026
Competition in the age of AI: Initial evidence from microdata
An OECD working paper separates AI users from developers and generative from non-generative AI. It reports descriptive evidence that AI-related patenting is associated with faster markup growth, especially in ICT, while AI start-ups are dynamic but are often acquired by large incumbents.
- The OECD distinguishes competitive mechanisms by AI user versus developer and by generative versus non-generative AI.
- The paper reports an association between AI-related patenting and faster markup growth, particularly in ICT.
- The paper describes an active AI start-up ecosystem alongside frequent acquisition by large incumbents.
Why it mattersThe paper provides a policy-relevant framework for tracking whether AI diffusion broadens competition or reinforces incumbent advantages. Its reported associations are descriptive, not proof that AI causes concentration.